Masculinity in Waiting for Godot

Conceptual This paper plans to investigate the subject of manliness in Beckett's Waiting for Godot. The primary goal of this paper is to distinguish the encounters of male characters through which they attempt to keep their manliness alive in Beckett's play. It is very evident that male characters are continually prevailing in the plot structure of the play with no female character. Beckett has politically featured manliness in his play while making the ladies missing and through other various characteristics. Despite the fact that, there are numerous male characters yet the best possible authoritative manliness is unmistakably introduced by just a single male character, Godot. Since, we find that individuals are hanging tight for Godot to support them and the delineation of Godot's physical appearance by kid additionally gives us the trace of Godot's domineering manliness. We likewise discover male characters who are submissive.So, we can say that manliness is a predominant topic of this play. Be that as it may, there are various types of manliness, for example, domineering manliness, agreeable manliness, juvenile manliness and adjacent to this lost of manliness is additionally cut and clear in Beckett's Waiting for Godot.keywords: Masculinity, authoritative, accommodating, youthful, physical appearance, Godot, lost. Conversation Prior to beginning an examination of this point, manliness requires definition. As indicated by OED, manliness is characterized as â€Å"having the nature of being masculine† and OED characterizes â€Å"masculine† as â€Å"having the characteristics or appearance viewed as normal of men.† In a similar book, the word â€Å"strong† is utilized for manly and as per my perspective this word â€Å"strong† is appropriate here for manliness. Since, I need to investigate manliness in the feeling of â€Å"power† just as â€Å"strongness† in â€Å"Waiting for Godot.† All the characters of Beckett's play are male and they are having the nature of being manly. Along these lines, in this setting we can say that there is an undeniable subject of manliness in Beckett's â€Å"Waiting for Godot.† But when we attempt to break down Beckett's male characters from the percpective of previously mentioned word â€Å"strongness† then we discover disarray. Since, we can say that every one of his characters in â€Å"Waiting for Godot† are manly yet we can't state that all the male characters are incredible. In this way, here we discover â€Å"masculinity† of this play isolated into two attributes which are â€Å"hegemonic masculinity† and â€Å"submissive or juvenile masculinity.† Most importantly, I might want to examine â€Å"hegemonic masculinity† in this play while investigating various characters, for example, Godot and Pozzo in the play, who have domineering manliness. As indicated by R.W. Connell's sexual orientation request hypothesis, domineering manliness is characterized as training that legitimizes men's predominant situation in the public eye. (Connell). Godot is a domineering masulinity in the play however Godot remains abscent all through the play yet at the same time we can say that he is an incredible male being. As we see that the two characters Vladimir and Estragon continually hang tight for the appearance of Godot as he is somebody who might assist them with coming out of their difficulities. Estragon: Let's go.Vladimir: We cannot.Estragon: Why not?Vladimir: We are sitting tight for Godot. (Beckett, 66-68)These same discoursed are rehashed by these two characters on numerous occasions. Their sit tight for Godot and the characteristics of Godot gives us the trace of Godot's domineering masculinity.Estragon: What do we do now?Vladimir: Wait for Godot. (Beckett, 63) What's more, this is their daily practice however they realize that Godot doesn't come toward the end yet at the same time they will undoubtedly sit tight for him. It appears that they can't leave without meeting Godot. Estragon and Vladimir hang tight for Godot day by day at a particular spot however for the entire day and this thing gives us the sense to precieve Godot as a legitimate figure. Vladimir: Tied?Estragon:Ti-ed.Vladimir: How would you mean tied?Estragon:Down.Vladimir: But to whom. By whom?Estragon:To your man.Vladimir:To Godot? Attached to Godot? What a thought! No inquiry of it. For the occasion. (Beckett, 20-22)In Act 2, Beckett has given the portrayal of Godot's physical appearance by the kid. Godot's physical appearance likewise shows his domineering manliness as we are informed that Godot is a character with white facial hair and this gives us the particular quintessence of a definitive figure. Vladimir: Has he facial hair, Mr. Godot? Kid: Yes, sir.Vladimir: Fair or †¦(he hesitates)†¦ or dark? Kid: I believe it's white, sir. (Beckett, 92)Although, Godot doesn't show up in the play and numerous investigates contended his abscene as a lost manliness. Jeffers in his article † Lost Masculinity in Waiting for Godot and Endgame† claimed:†Godot's consistent nonappearance shows the inconceivability of an arrival of the manly legitimate tradition.† (Jeffers, 95-96)Although with this reality of Godot's steady nonattendance, we can't compeletly guarantee that Godot isn't a definitive figure and still this is a reality that Godot is a domineering masculinity.We have another character who attempts to show his authoritative manliness and somewhat he is effective in introducing himself as a ground-breaking figure. Pozzo is the ace of Lucky, he is a landowner and the manner in which he treats his slave shows his capacity. In this play, it is Pozzo who has things to eat and in the absolute first act he ate chicken and afterward tossed its bone. At the point when Estragon requested that he have that bone just to lick, Pozzo says that Estragon ought to ask it to Lucky in light of the fact that it is Lucky's entitlement to have the bones of Pozzo. He is attempting to force himself as God and Pozzo attempts to show his predominance in various manners, when fortunate wouldn't have bones, he says:Pozzo: I don't care for it. I've never realized him deny a bone. (Beckett, 27)While chatting with Estragon and Vladimir, Pozzo discusses his prevalence and concurring over him he is â€Å"made in God's image†(23). At one spot, Pozzo inquired as to whether they need cash from him. In this way, every one of these attributes present him as a domineering manliness or a definitive figure, he shows a characteristic feeling of power and he considers everyone his subordinates.† As he goes ahead stage for the absolute first time, Pozzo oozes the regular feeling of power that places every other character in front of an audience in a subordinate situation to him.† (Wright, 18) However, as the play proceeds onward, we see Pozzo as a â€Å"blind† character in act 2. With this unexpected visual impairment, he has the feeling of power as we see that much after his visual deficiency he mal-regards Lucky just as his language with Lucky. Pozzo's unexpected visual deficiency additionally gives us the trace of his youthful masculinity.† Though imitating a Godot-like position, Pozzo's manliness at last neglects to keep up a steady authoritative status in light of the lattice of intensity that powers all inside it underneath Godot in a hierarchy.† (Wright, 1-24) We can't thoroughly differ with this announcement since what Wright has said is truth. In spite of the fact that, Godot and Pozzo are appeared as incredible figure however the unsteady intensity of Godot shows up with his consistent nonattendance and Pozzo's unexpected visual impairment. I am not totally concurred with the previously mentioned explanation on the grounds that even with their imperfections still they have the quality of definitive figures which stay all through the play.As in this part I am talking about domineering manliness in Beckett's â€Å"Waiting for Godot.† Thus, I might likewise want to break down Vladimir and Estragon's character in this unique situation. Unmistakably different characters don't share the feeling of legitimate domineering manliness yet at the same time at certain spots we see that Estragon and Vladimir control one another equitable to get the feeling of authoritative manliness. Vladimir is a male figure who attempts to unite his authoritative manliness while controling Estragon though Estragon can just show his control over the kid. This shared reliance and to control one another is simply to get the feeling of authority which offers us to the feeling of juvenile manliness of the characters. As there is authoritative manliness in the play so we likewise discover predominant subject of juvenile manliness through various characters in this play. As indicated by Oxford Dictionary word reference, the word â€Å"immature† recommends â€Å"to carry on in a manner that isn't reasonable and is common of individuals who are much younger†(Pg 761). Estragon and Vladimir's characters are best instances of this juvenile manliness. Their consistent hang tight for hero looking like Godot shows their juvenile manliness. Both these characters hang tight for Godot with no given explanation and they don't surrender even with Godot's steady nonappearance from the stage. Their inaction and failure to do anything put a stuff to the juvenile manliness that they are male or manly and he is viewed as the image of intensity yet these two characters are feeble and inactive.Vladimir: We are hanging tight for Godot.Estragon:Ah! what'll we do, what'll we do!Vladimir: There is no other option for us. (Beckett, 68) They themselves can't do anything besides they are futile would like to find support from Godot. Next to each other this vain trust in deliverer, they are commonly reliant on one another and they could disregard or live. Indeed, these characters themselves don't have a clue for what reason don't they live without one another. It is their abnormal disposition which makes them apathetic. In the primary demonstration, Vladimir says Estragon that he was unable to protect himself that is the reason he doesn't live away from him.Estragon: You see, you feel more regrettable when i'm with you. I feel better alone, too.Vladimir :Then for what reason do you generally return creeping? Estragon: I don't know.According to Wright in his article â€Å"Gender and Power in Waiting for Godot†:†Each character can't keep up a predominant force position, manliness all through this play is decayed and impotent†and along these lines each characte

Auditing Of Mayne Parma Group Limited †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Auditing Of Mayne Parma Group Limited. Answer: Presentation Mayne Parma Group Limited is a pharmaceutical organization. The organization is recorded in the Australian Stock Exchange. The administration of the organization which is progressively centered around applying its mastery on popularizes marked and nonexclusive pharmaceuticals. The organization separated from its center exercises is additionally associated with giving assembling and agreement improvement administrations to in excess of 100 customers the whole way across the globe. The organization is more Technology driven and has a solid item portfolio and with number of items in pipeline. Dispersion channel of the organization is exceptionally solid with its circulation accomplices dissipated all over the globe including Australia, North America, Asia, Europe and so forth. The organization utilizes in excess of 200 researchers with 750 neighborhood stuff to cook its need. The organization over the most recent 30 years has picked up achievement in growing new oral medication conveyan ce frameworks. This innovation has been effectively popularized in number of items which has been effectively showcased all over the globe. The pharmaceutical organizations in Australia incorporates biotechnology firms, organizations giving conventional medications, biomedical Research and other assistance related sections which incorporates appropriation and distributer. These organizations are additionally reveled sending out meds on over the globe. Because of which pharmaceutical is one of the biggest producer sends out from Australia. The Pharmaceutical business in Australia has been considered as the most developing industry in the nation. The Australian pharmaceutical market has been considered as one of the most serious market in the nation. There have been noteworthy headways regarding Technology that has been occurred in the nation the ongoing years. Over the most recent couple of years, there has been significant changes increment the quantity of examination from number of payers, controllers and from different networks. In this circumstance, he pharmaceutical organizations operational in Australia is required to experience correction of their plan of action to stay responsive in the market. (Pharma, n.d.) In spite of this reality it has been contended that the pharmaceutical business in Australia isn't doing great as what is normal from them. Despite growing new improved live sparing and life improving medications, we can't meet out the desire that the partners and investors has on the organization. The pharmaceutical organizations in Australia not working proficiently and successfully that they could have been in typical conditions. There has been worldwide change as far as innovation and in the human services industry which has demonstrated positive way to the pharmaceutical organizations in Australia to succeed and grow.(PWC, n.d.) Administrative necessities for Pharmaceutical organizations It is significant for each industry to get controlled by a portion of different guidelines. These guidelines can be forced on them either by the legislature or get a portion of the administrative position that has been set up by the administration itself. The Pharmaceutical business in Australia is likewise limited by a portion of the guidelines that have legitimately or in a roundabout way been forced on them by the administration. These guidelines are significant being they direct the organizations to work inside the center furthest reaches that have been endorsed for them. Remedial Goods Act 1989: The Therapeutic Goods Act 1989, who gives data about the fare, import, provider, assembling of Therapeutic Goods in Australia. This demonstration gives additional data about the items which incorporates marking, notice and presence of the clinical item. According to the arrangements of this demonstration, all meds, clinical gadgets and natural items are required to be enrolled at Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG). Through the assistance of the guidelines gave under this demonstration, government can practice legitimate control commendable over the Therapeutic Goods. Further, the administration encourages authority over exchanges between the states and regions. This has been finished with the aim to give advantages to a definitive client. The guidelines and requests under the demonstration are liable to change dependent on the present day requirements.(TGA, n.d.) Partnership Act 2001: The fiscal reports of the organization are required to be set up as per the prerequisites gave by the Corporation Act 2001. The budget summaries of the organization are required to keep the Australian bookkeeping gauges and different proclamations that has been made by the Australian bookkeeping standard board. The budget summaries are likewise required to agree to necessities of worldwide money related detailing measures. Australian pharmaceutical industry codes: Medical industry in Australia is controlled by number of codes. There has been a different industry body named as Medicines Australia which deals with the coding of the medication. This body has its own code of training the Medicines Australia Code of Conduct. This code of morals gives data about the showcasing methodologies and limited time procedures that can be utilized by the organizations now and again of advancing their medications in the market. The code of training give by the body praises the guidelines gave in the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989. There are fundamentally two sorts of prescriptions endorsed drugs and the other one is a non recommended medication. The above code of training applies just to the recommended medicines.(Group, n.d.) Wellbeing Practitioner Regulation National Law (ACT) Act 2010: This demonstration give data about the enlistment of pharmaceutical organizations across the nation. This application has been set up to give consultancy all over the country according to instruction practice and enrollment of pharmaceutical companies.(Pharmatips, n.d.) Organization Analysis So as to test the monetary strength of an organization, it is critical to dissect the asset report, benefit and misfortune record and income proclamation of the organization. The asset report gives data about the budgetary situation of the organization while the benefit and misfortune account gives data about the money related execution of the organizations in the present year. Then again the income explanation will give data about the second can money that has been occurred in the organization in the present year. Mayne Parma Group Limited (MPG) is a pharmaceutical organization which is recorded in Australian Stock Exchange. In the year finished 2016 there are sure details in a critical position sheet and benefit and misfortune account which has seen a huge development when contrasted with a year ago. Details from the asset report that has seen huge development when contrasted with a year ago are as per the following: The other current resources head in accounting report has reached down to $888 million in the year 2016 when contrasted with $5 million in the year 2015. There has been a colossal increment in different resources numbers when it is contrasted with the earlier year. The Other current resources head significantly incorporates prepayment resources. There has been an approx 100% prepayment resource in the year 2016 when contrasted with the earlier year. There has been an extra new detail Agreement rights identifying with the Teva exchange settled post year-end adding up to $876 million which has driven all development in other current resources. The organization has gone into an understanding of obtaining 42 new items from Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (Teva) and Allergan plc (Allergan). Organization for the year finished 30th June 2016 is perceived rights and commitments under the agreement The Trade receivables of the organization has expanded 100% in the year finished 2016 when contrasted with the earlier year. Increment saw in the exchange receivables of the organization is in accordance with expanding deals numbers. Out of the equalization perceived on 30th June 2016 in exchange receivables over 95% of the parity is beneath the edge furthest reaches that the organization has set in the mood for booking arrangements for dubious obligations. The assortment system of the organization is likewise exceptionally solid. The battle this is extremely apparent from the way that the receivable turnover proportion of the organization has boiled down to 3.22 in the year finished 30th June 2016. The fixed resources of the organization incorporate land, structures plant and supplies and capital under development. There has been a 40% expansion in the gross square of the organization as far as the fixed resources. The significant development has been seen in the capital under development head for the fixed resources. The organization has been making gigantic Investments in its capital ventures which show that the organization is very nearly development and is hoping to catch immense market going ahead. Further, there has been approx 20% expansion in the plant and hardware hand for the fixed resources in the present year. The Other liabilities of the organization incorporate other payable. For the monetary year finished 30th June 2015 different liabilities balance was near $8 million. In the current money related year finished 30th June 2016 there has been an extra detail Repayment commitment corresponding to the Teva exchange which has expanded The Other liabilities balance by $876 million. Just obligation has been reserved in account significantly by virtue of an understanding that has been entered by Teva Pharmaceutical Limited 42 new items. The organization has obtained its liabilities that were chosen third August 2016. Accordingly, on the grounds that pending risk worth 876 million dollars was reserved in represent 30th June 2016 that was settled 3 days after the year end. The Intangible resources and altruism the organization has seen an expansion of approx 10%. This was significantly by virtue of increment being developed consumption for the organization worth 22 million dollars in the current money related year finishing 30th June 2016. There has been expansion worth 18 million dollars in the Intellectual Property Rights area. The reve

Safeguarding: Childhood and Young People

Portfolio Evidence 10 Safeguarding Describe how enactment, strategies and techniques with respect to protecting effect on own job in the work environment As a young specialist I have the commitment in my job to know arrangements and methodology that are set up for defending. Thinking about the five results recognized by Every Child Matters 1. Assurance from mischief and disregard (to remain safe) 2. Physical and psychological well-being and passionate prosperity (to be solid) 3.Education preparing and amusement (to appreciate and accomplish) 4. Social and financial prosperity (to accomplish monetary prosperity) 5. The commitment made by them to society (to make a constructive commitment) It is crucial that each individual who works with youngsters and youngsters ought to have the option to perceive and realize how to react should they be concerned or know that a kid is, or might be, in danger of huge mischief. The approach features key issues and suggests activities when managing an allegation.These key issues incorporate enrollment arrangements for those working with kids and youngsters, their acceptance and preparing, how to react to exposures, how to make a referral, doubts or claims of misuse. These arrangements and methods are there to secure me and colleague’s also youngsters. Portray the issues which may emerge in actualizing shielding techniques * I could have a too decent relationship or not have a decent connection with the youngster. * I probably won't have enough information about the circumstance * People being accounted for are near me. Shielding: Childhood and Young People Portfolio Evidence 10 Safeguarding Describe how enactment, arrangements and techniques with respect to protecting effect on own job in the work environment As an adolescent specialist I have the commitment in my job to know approaches and methods that are set up for shielding. Mulling over the five results distinguished by Every Child Matters 1. Insurance from mischief and disregard (to remain safe) 2. Physical and psychological wellness and enthusiastic prosperity (to be sound) 3.Education preparing and diversion (to appreciate and accomplish) 4. Social and monetary prosperity (to accomplish financial prosperity) 5. The commitment made by them to society (to make a constructive commitment) It is essential that each individual who works with youngsters and youngsters ought to have the option to perceive and realize how to react should they be concerned or know that a kid is, or might be, in danger of critical damage. The strategy features key issues and suggests activities when manag ing an allegation.These key issues incorporate enlistment strategies for those working with kids and youngsters, their acceptance and preparing, how to react to exposures, how to make a referral, doubts or charges of misuse. These approaches and methods are there to secure me and colleague’s also youngsters. Depict the issues which may emerge in actualizing shielding methodology * I could have a too decent relationship or not have a decent connection with the youngster. * I probably won't have enough information about the circumstance * People being accounted for are near me.

Reinforcement of Cultural Identity and its effects on Productivity of Latino Workers - Free Essay Example

In the last few years the topic of Latinos, immigration, and jobs has been under constant scrutiny by the media and politicians. Regardless of the rhetoric, Latinos constitute a rapid growing segment in United States. In 2016, there were 26.8 million Hispanics or Latinos in the U.S. labor force, nearly triple the 9.0 million in 1988. Hispanics or Latinos composed 16.8 percent of the labor force in 2016, up from 7.4 percent in 1988. By 2017, the number of Latinos either working or looking for work was at 66.1% a higher rate than for non-Latinos which is at 62.2%. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, the Economics Daily, 2017) Though most of us can feel the rising number of Latinos in the United States very few think about the impact this community will have in the productivity of different sectors. In order for us to analyze the productivity of Latinos it is to understand the many members of this ethnic group have experienced prejudice and discrimination. Research shows that acculturation, oppression and racism create social barriers that pose serious threat for Latinos and these experiences shape their construction of a social identity. (Padilla, 2002) More research needs to be conducted in order to really understand the impact of the diverse s ituations that Latinos face and how it shapes their cultural identity which in turn affects their productivity. Thus, this study aims to take a look at the way Latinos cultural identity is affected in the United States and how it affects their productivity. As mentioned before the Latino minority group is growing at a rapid speed. Many Latinos are born in the United States, foreign born Latinos make-up 46% of the population of this minority group (Larsen, 2004). Many of them bring youth, little to no formal education and no knowledge of the English language. (Roosa, Morgan-Lopez, Cree, Specter, 2002) Their experience in the United States is one where they earn less income, have lower educational outcomes and are more likely to live in poverty compared to those born the United States. (Larsen, 2004) While the reasons leading to migration differs from family to family many choose to leave their countries of origin because of financial or political situations. This experience indicates a life crisis not just to the family system but also within the individual. One of the main stressors for Latinos cultural identity is Acculturation. The process of internal change experienced by immigrants exposed to a new cultural that has changes in the ir behavior, values systems, and norms. (Social Science Research Council, 1954) The stress associated with this initial transition period may result in depression or anxiety, and individuals who experience significant trauma during migration may develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Smart Smart, 1995). During this period of change Latinos not only face the transition into a minority status and the perceived anti-Latino sentiment in the United States can lead to social stigmatization for all Latinos. Many Latinos are aware to of the negative perceptions of their group held by non-Latinos. (Casas, Ponterotto, Sweeney, 1987) This realization can result in the negative feelings such as powerlessness, low self-esteem and inferiority. With all this negative stress, Latinos respond in a variety of ways to the majority culture. As Latinos go through the process of acculturation a by-product of this is the internalized oppression that is created. According to Laura M. Padilla, when a victim experiences a hurt that is not healed, distress patterns emerge w hereby the victim engages in some type of harmful behavior. Internalized oppression has been described as the process why which these patterns reveal themselves. Many of these patterns are evident when analyzing the productivity in the Latino minority group. One of the most evident sectors is education. The education attainment rate is slower than other non-Latino groups. Upon entering kindergarten 42% of Latino children are found to be the lowest quartile of performance in reading readiness. By 4th grade 16% Latino students are proficient in reading. When it comes to completing college only 11% of Latinos ages 25-29 obtain a Bachelors degree but most alarming is the lack of progress made by Latinos in obtaining higher education in the last 20 years. Many Latino parents have come to believe that they cannot help their children learn because they havent experienced much formal education themselves, or because they dont speak English, and their skills and abilities are often overlooked by schools. (Gendara, 2008) This type of mindset that these parents have can be attributed by many reasons. We can clearly see how this type of internal oppression and the attempt to strip away the culture of origin can have a significant impact in the way a group develops and shows productivity. Though many factors contribute to the alarming education gap of Latinos in the United States one way to combat this phenomenon is by introducing bilingual education programs. Language and cultural barriers of Hispanic workers can seriously affect jobsite communication, which further hinders productivity, and increase safety risk (Robertson, 2007). Creating educational programs that reinforce positive Latino cultural values and increased exposure of the language to both Latinos and non-Latinos it may have a positive effect in productivity in the workplace. Allowing for Latinos to develop in a bicultural environment will enhance their productivity. If we reinforce early bicultural programs we would allow for Latinos to enhance their unique skills as multicultural individuals making them more competitive in the global work force. Making it a more cost efficient approach for organizations when it comes training and development. (Fitzsimmons, 2013) Research shows immigration has a positive, large and significant effect on total factor productivity but it also had a negative impact on specialized skills. (Peri, 2009) Studies show that students in dual language programs, compared with similar students who are in English-only programs, find that in the two-way immersion students either perform as well as those students in English-only or they outperform the English-only students, across all academic areas. (Genesee et al., 2006) Having, Latinos in two-way or dual immersion programs can lead to more positive attitudes toward non-English languages and cultures and exhibit better intercultural relations. (Genesee and Gendara, 1999) The lack of these programs has taken a toll in the academic productivity of Latinos. The reinforcement of the language is an essential aspect for Latinos to be connected with culture of origin. Understanding the benefits of learning more than language will help increase the awareness of this issue and see the potential benefits it has for American productivity in various sectors. Evidence that Latinos experience in the United States helps contribute to the lack of development as a group. The Latino population is affected by the anti-immigrant sentiment in the United States. Many forget that Latinos are not all immigrants and are also native born Americans. This type of misunderstanding allows for discrimination and racism to prevent this group from being more productive. It is evident that lack of goal specification, communication and incentives for goal attainment and low cultural collectivism contribute to the groups performance. (Erez, Somech, 1996) Giving that there is still very little research as to the effects of cultural identity and its effects on productivity, the Latino population in the United States gives us a glimpse to what happens when deculturalization happens systematically. The staggering lag of the Latino population calls for us to revisit topics of cultural reinforcement in order for productivity to increase in various sectors. With the rising numbers of population Latinos are a sleeping asset waiting to be developed.

Salem Witch Hunt A Phenomenon Of Witch Trials - 1499 Words

The Salem Witch Hunt was a phenomenon of witch trials in the Early Modern period. It occurred in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts. It all started when a group of young girls, Betty Parris, 9 years old, and Abigail Williams, 11 years old, started to behave in a crazy manner, like screaming and barking like a dog, and it got to the point where they assumed they were â€Å"possessed†. Soon after that, Ann Putnam Jr. and other Salem girls began acting similarly. People started getting very scared and started accusing each other of being witches. The girls started accusing people the most and everyone seemed to believe them. I assume that the reason that this whole craze was so intense was because there has been witch scares before. This time, in particular, was more severe because these little girls were the ones accusing people. This spread so fast and so far because before this witch mayhem, there was a smallpox outbreak. Many people died and the Puritans started to believe that wi tches were among them. This event led people to easily assume others were witches, which is why it spread so fast and so far. Many members of the Puritan community believed the accusations made by the afflicted girls over believing their neighbors. People tended to believe them since they were children and had a hint of innocence in them. Also, Betty Parris’ father was Reverend Samuel Parris and since he played a big role in this community they thought the girls had to be telling the truth. OneShow MoreRelatedWhy The Salem Witch Trials1064 Words   |  5 Pageswhy the Salem Witch Trials occurred. Some include the fungus ergot that had psychedelic consequences when consumed and the Puritans’ adamant belief in their religion. None of them, however, justify why over 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 more were executed. 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The Virtue Of Putting A Financial Stake On The Stocks And...

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Myocardial Infarction with History of Stable myassignmenthelp

Question: What Is The Myocardial Infarction With History Of Stable? Answer: Introducation: Myocardial infarction occurs as a result of blockages in one or more coronary arteries. The blockages occur as a result of the building up of different substances in blood vessels. A coronary artery can narrow from the buildup of various substances, including low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol), saturated fats, hydrogenated fats produced artificially and blood clots (Levine et al, 2016). Platelets in blood stick to plaque which builds up blockages as a result of bad cholesterol deposition on the walls of blood vessels. The coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart and therefore any blockages within these particular vessels reduce the amount of blood flowing to the heart muscles. In acute myocardial infarction, the blockages can completely stop the supply of blood to the heart causing a heart attack. Risk factors The first risk factor to myocardial infarction is high blood pressure. Individuals with high blood pressure above 120/80mmHg have higher chances of experiencing heart attacks (Hazinski et al, 2015). This is because the high pressure destroys the arteries and increases the plaque buildup leading to heart attacks. High cholesterol intake and presence in blood is another contributing factor to acute myocardial infarction. Individuals thus need to take statins to reduce cholesterol build up or reduce its intake through proper diet (Charakida, 2013). Thirdly a high triglyceride amount in blood is another risk as they are fat types which clog up the arteries leading to heart attacks. High blood glucose levels and diabetes are also risky to myocardial infarctions (Amsterdam et al, 2014). The high sugar presence in blood leads to the destruction of arteries among other blood vessels contributing to coronary artery disease which triggers heart attacks in different individuals. Further, obesit y which is associated diabetes and all the above risk factors is a contributing factor to acute myocardial infarction. Other risk factors include smoking tobacco, age of an individual above 45 years for men and 55 years for women, lack of exercise and family history of the disease. Impact on Patient and Family One of the impacts of myocardial infarction on patients and family includes the high cost of treating and managing the disease. Financial resources that could be used to run family issues will be diverted to clearing hospital bills (Torio, 2013). Secondly, an individual patient may be unable to report back to their former workplaces due to the medical condition and therefore limit the financial sources of the family. The family members including children turn into caregivers so as to nurse their parent or family member (Hazinski et al, 2015). Patients with heart disease suffer often from depression and anxiety and the family has to handle this change in the emotional state of their family member. Common Signs and Symptoms for Myocardial Infarction Sign/Symptom Pathophysiology 1. Fast heart rate The first heart rate occurs as a response by the Sino-atrial nerves sympathetic system when the body is under stress. This system triggers faster heart beats in order to restore sufficient flow of oxygenated blood around all the cardiac muscles (Levine et al, 2016). The fast heart rate is also intended to boost the pumping of blood from the heart to the vital organs including the brain and the lungs. 2. Shortness of breath This is caused by different factors including the lowered oxygen levels within the blood, dysrhythmia, anxiety and the failure of the heart. The respiratory center in the medulla oblongata of the brain works hand in hand with the Sino-atrial nerves on the heart to control the heart rate and with extension, the breathing rate (Hazinski et al, 2015). During a heart attack, the hearts pumping function is impaired and cannot effectively respond to the stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses in order to alter its rate. It may even undergo dysrhythmia due to death of its cells and thus lead to dyspnea in victims. 3. Dizziness Feeling dizzy is caused by insufficient levels of oxygen reaching the brain cells (Miller, 2013). In the case of heart attack, the coronary arteries that supply cardiac muscles with nutrients and oxygen narrow up or completely get blocked and this limits its pumping effect of oxygenated blood to the brain (Amsterdam et al, 2014). This eventually leads to dizziness among the victims. 4. Fatigue and anxiety Heart attack victims present with fatigue within the chest and sometimes cannot carry out simple exercises. This is caused by the lack of sufficient amounts of oxygen and nutrients within the muscles and cells within this particular region due to the narrowing and blockages along the coronary arteries serving the heart and limiting its pumping effect (Charakida, 2013). Anxiety is a natural emotional response among acute myocardial infraction victims especially those with a history of coronary heart disease as in this particular case. The patient remains anxious and would want to know the progress in their management. 5. Pressure, tightness in chest; chest, back, jaw and upper body pains lasting in several minutes. The pain can go away and come back. The radiating pain from the heart region to the back, the jaw and two arms is caused by the inadequate supply of blood to the heart muscles (Anderson, 2014). This condition is referred medically as angina and also involves pains in the shoulders. Common Classes of Drugs for Myocardial Infarction Their Physiological Effect Thrombolytic Thrombolytic drugs refer to a class of drugs used to treat acute myocardial infarction among other heart diseases. They can as well be referred to as clot-busters as their physiological effect includes dissolving blood clots along blood vessels including the coronary arteries supplying nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscles (Amsterdam et al, 2014). Blood clots are formed as a result of the accumulation of blood plates around plaques within blood vessels. The plaque develops as a result of the deposition of low-density lipoprotein on the walls of the arteries, which may also build up further with the addition of hydrogenated and saturated fats. This plaque blocks the arteries partially and/or completely and thus prevents the flow of blood to the cardiac muscles. As a result, the patient suffers a heart attack. Thrombolytic are thus important as they dissolve the blood platelet composition of the plaque and thus unblocking the arteries (Hazinski et al, 2015). They can be administere d along with cholesterol dissolvers. An example of thrombolytic class of drugs includes aspirin, which is commonly used as first aid medication for a heart attack. It reduces blood clotting and thus maintaining the flow of blood in narrow arteries on the heart muscles. While Aspiring is a first aid remedy for acute myocardial infarction among other heart attack types, hospital management of the patient must be based on the determination of patient aspirin intolerance. Beta blockers Beta blockers are a class of medications that are also given in the emergency management of acute myocardial infarction. Beta blockers are particularly used in relaxing the cardiac muscles and thus easing the pressure within the ventricles (Charakida, 2013). They also lead to a slower heartbeat while decreasing the levels of blood pressure. In essence, beta blockers ease the hearts pumping function. This medication further reduces the chances of potential heart muscle damage. In doing so, beta blockers prevent the recurrence myocardial infarction. Beta blockers are also referred to as adrenergic blocking agents and can be used in the management of both migraines and hypertension. Physiologically, beta blockers act as blocking agents that bar the effect of the epinephrine hormone in the body. They thus slow down the heart beat and even enable the opening up of blood vessels, leading to a smooth blood flow. Nursing Strategies The nursing care strategies for this particular patient in the first 24 hours of post admission include mainly: restoring oxygen demand and supply balance in order to prevent ischemia: relieving pain and: preventing and treating the complication to reinstate blood flow. Therefore as the first step the nurse needs to monitor the oxygen saturation continuously through pulse oximetry. The nurse should ensure that the patient remains confined to their beds in order to reduce all the oxygen need of the now damaged myocardium (Amsterdam et al, 2014). Secondly, there is need to administer antiplatelet drugs to prevent clotting in blood vessels. In particular, the patient can be started on a dose of specifically 300mg of aspirin if the patient is not aspirin intolerant to unblock the arteries in case they have blood clots according to Moran et al (2014). Another important management intervention for this emergency includes reducing the cardiac pain. Therefore, the patient needs to be put on vasodilators such as Nitrates in doses of 0.4gm as a sublingual tablet. Vasodilation reduces the ventricular preload by reducing the amount of the venous blood returning to the heart (Charakida, 2013). The pain and shock can be managed by administering strong pain killers such as morphine. This can ease the patients breathing and anxiety as the patient undergoes oxygen therapy. The patient should also be put on anti-emetics to stop nausea among other signs and symptoms. Another important post admission emergency intervention includes initiating a continuous monitoring of the cardiac functions in order to look out for dysrhythmia and manage the condition (Anderson, 2014). Under this there is need to provide a reperfusion treatment in order to restore the flow of blood within the cardiovascular system. In this regard, the nursing interventions focus on reducing any further damage on the cardiac muscles while preserving the pumping functionality of the heart. Once the patient starts stabilizing but within the first 24 hours, there is need for the nurse to provide psychological support which is a vital component to nursing care for such patients. This is because patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction often present with anxiety and/or fear while admitted in coronary care units. The nurse therefore encourages the patient on their healing process while providing any crucial information regarding their health condition, medical procedures, and patient family among others (Hodis, 2014).In this case study, the patient also presented with mitral valve stenosis which is associated with pulmonary congestion. The patient therefore can be given diuretics to treat pulmonary congestion while ventricular preload can be decreased to desired levels using nitrates. This ventricular rate caused by mitral stenosis can also be treated by the beta blockers and calcium channel blocking therapy. There is need to return the heart to a sinus rhythm in order to also prevent mitral valve stenosis (Anderson, 2014). The nurse can therefore start the patient immediately on an anti-coagulation therapy. In such an acute case though, it is important to use electrical cardioversion to treat mitral valve stenosis. These approaches must however be done step while ensuring the safety of the patient so as to effectively treat the delicate physiological state that he is in References Levine, Glenn N.; Bates, Eric R.; Blankenship, James C.; Bailey, Steven R.; Bittl, John A.; Cercek, Bojan; Chambers, Charles E.; Ellis, Stephen G.; Guyton, Robert A. (2016-03-15)."2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI Focused Update on Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Update of the 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction".Circulation.133(11): 11351147. Hazinski, MF; Nolan, JP; Aickin, R; Bhanji, F; Billi, JE; Callaway, CW; Castren, M (October 2015). "Part 1: Executive Summary: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations".Circulation(Review).132(16 (Supplement 1)): S2-39. Amsterdam, E. A.; Wenger, N. K.; Brindis, R. G.; Casey, D. E.; Ganiats, T. G.; Holmes, D. R.; Jaffe, A. S.; Jneid, H.; Kelly, R. F.; Kontos, M. C.; Levine, G. N.; Liebson, P. R.; Mukherjee, D.; Peterson, E. D.; Sabatine, M. S.; Smalling, R. W.; Zieman, S. J. (23 September 2014). "2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines".Circulation.130(Online first): e344e426. Charakida M, Tousoulis D (2013). "Infections and atheromatous plaque: current therapeutic implications.".Current pharmaceutical design.19(9): 163850. Anderson, L; Taylor, RS (12 December 2014). "Cardiac rehabilitation for people with heart disease: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews.".The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.12: CD011273. Elmariah, Sammy; Mauri, Laura; Doros, Gheorghe; Galper, Benjamin Z; O'Neill, Kelly E; Steg, Philippe Gabriel; Kereiakes, Dean J; Yeh, Robert W (November 2014). "Extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis".The Lancet.385: 792798. Lassen JF, Btker HE, Terkelsen CJ (Jan 2013). "Timely and optimal treatment of patients with STEMI".Nature Reviews Cardiology. 1.10(1): 418. Matthys, F; De Backer, T; De Backer, G; Stichele, RV (March 2014). "Review of guidelines on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with aspirin: how much evidence is needed to turn a tanker?".European journal of preventive cardiology.21(3): 35465. Miller, J. D. (2013). Cardiovascular calcification: Orbicular origins.Nature Materials12, 476-478 Moran, AE; Forouzanfar, MH; Roth, GA; Mensah, GA; Ezzati, M; Flaxman, A; Murray, CJ; Naghavi, M (8 April 2014)."The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study.".Circulation.129(14): 1493501. Torio, Celeste (August 2013)."National Inpatient Hospital Costs: The Most Expensive Conditions by Payer, 2011".HCUP. Hodis, Howard (July 2014)."Hormone replacement therapy and the association with coronary heart disease and overall mortality: Clinical application of the timing hypothesis".The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.142: 6875.